Physics Formulas for NEET UG Exam 2026: Formula Sheet, PDF Download [Free]

The NEET exam is one of the most difficult competitive exams in India, where Physics is an important and crucial subject in this exam. To perform well in this highly competitive exam, it is necessary to become a master of the formulas of this subject. NEET Physics formulas are not only important for solving complex numerical problems but also create a foundation to understand various concepts of this subject.

During NEET UG 2026 exam preparation, a well-organised and in-depth knowledge of Physics formulas creates a base to score well in the final exam. So, we conduct an in-depth analysis with the help of Matrix Academy NEET faculty, Madan Haritwal Sir, to identify the important formulas of NEET Physics.

Important Physics Formulas for NEET

NEET Physics is a wider subject with numerous formula-based topics. Below is an in-depth analysis conducted by Madan Haritwal Sir (Matrix NEET faculty) of the important formulas of each topic that students must focus on for NEET preparation. Students can download entire sheet of important formulas in PDF format from the link provided below:

Download Important Physics Formulas for NEET PDF[Free]

Madan Sir’s formula practice approach is based on conceptual clarity and practical application, instead of just memorising them. He teaches his students by clearly explaining the logic behind the formulas.

A detailed analysis of important NEET Physics Topics Formulas is as follows-

1. Mechanics

Mechanics is one of the important topics in NEET Physics with approximately 20-25% weightage in the final exam. Mechanics is a fundamental element of Physics and primarily deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them. The strategy to master Mechanics revolves around an in-depth understanding of vectors, motion, and energy. Below are some of the important formulas under Mechanics:

1.1 Vectors

Vectors in NEET Physics are an important topic to clearly understand magnitude and direction in Physics problems, especially in Mechanics.

\[Notation: \vec{a} = a_x \hat{\imath} + a_y \hat{\jmath} + a_z \hat{k}\]

\[Magnitude: a = |\vec{a}| = \sqrt{a_x^2 + a_y^2 + a_z^2}\]

\[Dot\, Product: \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = a_x b_x + a_y b_y + a_z b_z = ab \cos\theta\]

\[Cross \,Product: \vec{a} \times \vec{b}  = (a_y b_z – a_z b_y)\,\hat{\imath} + (a_z b_x – a_x b_z)\,\hat{\jmath}+ (a_x b_y – a_y b_x)\,\hat{k}\]

1.2 Kinematics

The focus of Kinematics is on the motion of objects without focusing on the force involved in it, which effectively forms the basis for various Physics formulas.

\[Displacement: s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a t^2\]

\[\text{Average and Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration}: \vec{v}_{\text{av}} = \frac{\Delta \vec{r}}{\Delta t}, \qquad\]

\[\vec{v}_{\text{inst}} = \frac{d\vec{r}}{dt}\]

\[\vec{a}_{\text{av}} = \frac{\Delta \vec{v}}{\Delta t}, \qquad\]

\[\vec{a}_{\text{inst}} = \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}\]

\[Velocity: v = u + at\]

\[Acceleration: a = \frac{v – u}{t}\]

\[Power: P_{\text{av}} = \frac{\Delta W}{\Delta t}, \qquad\]

\[P_{\text{inst}} = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{v}\]

\[\text{Equation of motion (for uniformly accelerated motion)}: v^2 = u^2 + 2as\]

\[\text{Mechanical energy: E = U + K. Conserved if forces are conservative in nature.}\]

1.3 Newton’s Laws and Friction

The Law of Newton clearly explains the relationship between the acting forces on an object with their motion, while Friction is a resistive force that opposes motion.

\[\text{Newton’s first law: Inertial frame}\]

\[\text{Newton’s Second Law: F = ma}\]

\[\text{Newton’s third law:} \vec{F}_{AB} = -\vec{F}_{BA}\]

\[\text{Frictional Force : } F_{\text{friction}} = \mu N : (\mu ) \text{is the coefficient of friction, and ( N ) is the normal force.}\]

1.4 Work, Power, and Energy

All three are important concepts for Physics formulas that effectively describe the conversion and transfer of energy.

\[\text{Work: } W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{S} = F S \cos\theta \\[2mm]\]

\[\text{Power: } P = \frac{W}{t} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Kinetic Energy: } KE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Potential Energy: } PE = m g h\]

1.5 Centre of Mass and Collision

The centre of Mass and Collision help in creating an understanding of the centre of mass and how objects collide is crucial in Mechanics.

\[\text{Centre of Mass}: x_{\text{cm}} = \frac{\sum m_i x_i}{\sum m_i}, \qquad\]

\[\text{Elastic Collision}: e = -\frac{v_1′ – v_2′}{v_1 – v_2}\]

1.6 Rigid Body Dynamics

Rigid Body Dynamics provides a brief overview of the rotation and motion of solid bodies.

\[\text{Torque: } \tau = \vec{r} \cdot \vec{F} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Moment of Inertia: } I = \sum m_i r_i^2 \\[1mm]\]

\[ \text{Angular Momentum: } L = I \, \omega \\[1mm]\]

\[ \text{Orbital Velocity of Satellite: } v_0 = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}\]

1.7 Gravitation

Gravitation deals with the attractive force between masses.

\[\text{Gravitational Force}: F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}\]

\[\text{Gravitational Potential Energy}: U = -\frac{GMm}{r}\]

\[\text{Escape Velocity: } v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}} \\[1mm]\]

\[ \text{Gravitational Acceleration: } g = \frac{GM}{R^2}\]

1.8 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

In SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion) motion, the restoring force is directly proportional to displacement.

\[ \text{Displacement in SHM: } x(t) = A \cos(\omega t + \phi) \\[1mm]\]

\[ \text{Angular Frequency: } \omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}} \\[1mm]\]

\[ \text{Time Period: } T = 2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Acceleration: } a = \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} = -\frac{k}{m} x = -\omega^2 x \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Velocity: } v = \frac{dx}{dt} = -A \omega \sin(\omega t + \phi) = \pm \omega \sqrt{A^2 – x^2}\]

1.9 Properties of Matter

This topic involves the study of the physical properties of materials.

\[\text{Young’s Modulus : } \frac{\text{Stress}}{\text{Strain}} = \frac{F/A}{\Delta L / L} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Bulk Modulus:} -\frac{V \, \Delta P}{\Delta V} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Modulus of Rigidity}: \eta = \frac{F/A}{\Delta l / l} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Compressibility}: \frac{1}{B} = -\frac{1}{V} \frac{dV}{dP} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Surface Tension}: \frac{F}{l} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Surface Energy: } U = S A \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Buoyant Force}: \rho V g = \text{Weight of displaced liquid} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Torricelli’s Theorem: } v_{\text{efflux}} = \sqrt{2 g h}\]

2. Waves

Waves in NEET Physics are considered oscillations that shift energy from one end to another through a medium. This type of fundamental concept in NEET Physics is applicable in various domains. For example, ripples on a pond to the propagation of light and sound.

2.1 Wave Motion

Wave motion describes how disturbances travel through a medium.

\[\text{General equation of wave}: \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x^2} = \frac{1}{v^2} \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial t^2}\]

\[\text{Progressive wave travelling with speed}: y = f\left(t – \frac{x}{v}\right), \quad \text{wave traveling in } +x \text{ direction} \\[1mm]\]

\[y = f\left(t + \frac{x}{v}\right), \quad \text{wave traveling in } -x \text{ direction}\]

2.2 Waves on a String

Waves in a stretched string are controlled by tension and mass per unit length.

\[\text{Wave Speed on a String}: v = f \lambda, \text{where ( T ) is the tension and} ( \mu ) \text{is the mass per unit length.}\]

\[\text{Transmitted Power}: P_{\text{av}} = 2 \pi^2 \mu v A^2 \nu^2\]

\[\text{Interference:} y_1 = A_1 \sin(kx – \omega t), \quad y_2 = A_2 \sin(kx – \omega t + \delta) \\[1mm]\]

\[y = y_1 + y_2 = A \sin(kx – \omega t + \phi) \\[1mm]\]

\[A = \sqrt{A_1^2 + A_2^2 + 2 A_1 A_2 \cos \delta} \\[1mm]\]

\[\tan \phi = \frac{A_2 \sin \delta}{A_1 + A_2 \cos \delta} \\[1mm]\]

\[\delta = 2 n \pi \text{ (constructive)}, \quad \delta = (2n + 1)\pi \text{ (destructive)}\]

2.3 Sound Waves

Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel with the support of a medium.

\[\text{Speed of Sound: In a liquid: } v_{\text{liquid}} = \sqrt{\frac{B}{\rho}} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{In a solid: } v_{\text{solid}} = \sqrt{\frac{Y}{\rho}} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{In a gas: } v_{\text{gas}} = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma P}{\rho}}\]

\[Intensity: I = 2 \pi^2 \frac{B v}{v_s^2} \, \nu^2 = \frac{p_0^2 v}{2 B} = \frac{p_0^2}{2 \rho v}\]

\[\text{Standing longitudinal waves}: p_1 = p_0 \sin \omega \left(t – \frac{x}{v}\right), \quad\]

\[p_2 = p_0 \sin \omega \left(t + \frac{x}{v}\right) \\[1mm]\]

\[p = p_1 + p_2 = 2 p_0 \cos kx \, \sin \omega t\]

2.4 Light Waves

Light is an electromagnetic wave.

\[\text{Speed of Light}: c = 3 \times 10^8 \ \text{m/s}\]

\[\text{Plane Wave}: E = E_0 \sin \omega \left(t – \frac{x}{v}\right), \quad I = I_0\]

\[\text{Spherical Wave}: E = \frac{a E_0}{r} \sin \omega \left(t – \frac{r}{v}\right), \quad\]

\[I = \frac{I_0}{r^2}\]

3. Optics

Optics deals with the study of light and its interactions with matter.

3.1 Reflection of Light

Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a surface.

\[\text{Law of Reflection}: \theta_i = \theta_r\]

3.2 Refraction of Light

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

\[\text{Refractive index:} \mu = \frac{\text{speed of light in vacuum}}{\text{speed of light in medium}} = \frac{c}{v}\]

\[\text{Snell’s Law}: \frac{\sin i}{\sin r} = \frac{\mu_2}{\mu_1}\]

\[\text{Critical Angle}: \theta_c = \sin^{-1}\!\left(\frac{1}{\mu}\right)\]

3.3 Optical Instruments

The primary examples of Optical instruments are microscopes and telescopes that use lenses to magnify objects.

\[\text{Lens Formula}: \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} – \frac{1}{u}\]

3.4 Dispersion

Dispersion is directly related to the separation of light into various component colours.

\[\text{Refractive Index for Dispersion}: n(\lambda) = \frac{c}{v(\lambda)}\]

\[\text{Cauchy’s equation}: \mu = \mu_0 + \frac{A}{\lambda^2}, \quad A > 0\]

\[\text{Dispersive Power}: \omega = \frac{\mu_v – \mu_r}{\mu_y – 1} \approx \frac{\theta}{\delta y}\]

4.2 Kinetic Theory of Gases

The Kinetic theory of gases explains the behaviour of gases in terms of particle motion.

\[\text{Ideal Gas Law}: M = mN_A, \quad k = \frac{R}{N_A}\]

\[\text{RMS Speed}: v_{\text{rms}} = \sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m}} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}\]

\[\text{Average Speed}: \bar{v} = \sqrt{\frac{8kT}{\pi m}} = \sqrt{\frac{8RT}{\pi M}}\]

4.3 Specific Heat

This term is related to the quantity of heat necessary to increase the temperature of a unit mass by a degree.

\[\text{Specific Heat Formula}: s = \frac{Q}{m \Delta T}\]

\[\text{Latent Heat}: L = \frac{Q}{m}\]

\[\text{Specific Heat at Constant Volume}: C_v = \frac{\Delta Q}{n\,\Delta T}\Bigg|_V\]

\[\text{Specific heat at Constant Pressure}: C_p = \frac{\Delta Q}{n\,\Delta T}\Bigg|_p\]

4.4 Thermodynamic Processes

A thermodynamic process includes energy transformations in systems.

\[\text{First Law of Thermodynamics}: \Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W\]

\[\text{Work Done by Gas}: \Delta W = p \Delta V, \quad W = \int_{V_1}^{V_2} p \, dV \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Isothermal : } W_{\text{isothermal}} = nRT \ln \frac{V_2}{V_1} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Isobaric: } W_{\text{isobaric}} = p (V_2 – V_1) \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Adiabatic: } W_{\text{adiabatic}} = \frac{p_1 V_1 – p_2 V_2}{\gamma – 1} \\[1mm]\]

\[\text{Isochoric: } W_{\text{isochoric}} = 0\]

5. Electricity and Magnetism

5.1 Electrostatics

Electrostatics mainly examines stationary electric charges.

\[\text{Coulomb’s Law}: \vec{F} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, \hat{r}\]

\[\text{Electrostatic Energy : } U = – \frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \frac{q_1 q_2}{r}\]

\[\text{Electric Field}: \vec{E}(\vec{r}) = \frac{1}{4 \pi}\]

5.2. Gauss’s Law

Gauss’s law offers assistance in analysing electric fields, especially in cases of high symmetry.

\[\text{Gauss’s Law}: \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{S} = \frac{q_{\text{in}}}{\varepsilon_0}\]

\[\text{Electric Flux}: \phi = \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{S}\]

5.3. Capacitors

Capacitors are an independent device that stores electrical energy.

\[\text{Capacitance}: C = \frac{q}{V}\]

\[\text{Spherical capacitor}: C = 4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \frac{r_1 r_2}{r_2 – r_1}\]

\[\text{Cylindrical capacitor}: C = \frac{2 \pi \varepsilon_0 l}{\ln(r_2/r_1)}\]

\[\text{Parallel Plate Capacitor}: C = \frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\]

5.4. Current Electricity

Current electricity manages the overall flow of charge through conductors.

\[\text{Ohm’s Law}: V = i R\]

\[\text{Power in Electrical Circuits}: P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}\]

\[\text{Current Density}: \vec{j} = \frac{i}{A} = \sigma \vec{E}\]

5.5. Magnetism

Magnetism conducts an in-depth study of the force and field produced by moving charges.

\[\text{Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge}: F = q v B \sin \theta\]

q is consider charge, B is the magnetic field, is the velocity, and is the angle between velocity and magnetic field.

5.6 Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction provides a brief description of how a changing magnetic field induces an electric current.

\[\text{Faraday’s Law of Induction}: \mathcal{E} = – \frac{d\Phi}{dt}\]

\[\text{Magnetic Flux}: \Phi = \oint \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{S}\]

6. Modern Physics

Modern Physics manages the phenomena of the sub-atomic and atomic levels, which is important to understand the natural behaviour of waves and particles.

6.1. Photoelectric Effect

This field is responsible for controlling the emission of electrons from a material when exposed to light.

\[\text{Einstein’s Equation for Photoelectric Effect}: E_{\text{photon}} = h \nu = \phi + K_{\text{max}}\]

\[\text{Proton’s Energy}: E = h \nu = \frac{hc}{\lambda}\]

\[\text{Photon’s momentum}: p = \frac{h}{\lambda} = \frac{E}{c}\]

6.2. The Atom

An atom’s energy level and structure are compulsory to understand atomic spectra.

\[\text{Bohr’s Energy Formula}: E_n = – \frac{13.6}{n^2} \ \text{eV}\]

\[\text{Radius of the nth Bohr’s orbit}:  r_n = \frac{\varepsilon_0 h^2 n^2}{\pi m Z e^2}, \quad\]

\[r_n = \frac{n^2 a_0}{Z}, \quad\]

\[a_0 = 0.529 { Å} \]

6.3 Vacuum Tubes and Semiconductors

An essential device in electronics, which is mainly used in amplifiers, oscillators, and other applications.

\[\text{Energy Band Gap in Semiconductors}: E_g = E_c – E_v\]

\[\text{Plate resistance of a Triode}: r_p = \frac{\Delta V_p}{\Delta i_p}, \quad \Delta V_g = 0\]

\[\text{Current in A Transistor}: I_E = I_B + I_C\]

6.4 The Nucleus

The Nucleus mainly combines the study of atomic nuclei and their properties.

\[\text{Nuclear Binding Energy}: E = \Delta m c^2\]

Where is the mass defect, and is the speed of light.

\[\text{Nuclear Radius}: R = R_0 A^{1/3}, \quad R_0 \approx 1.1 \times 10^{-15} \ \text{m}\]

\[\text{Decay Rate}: \frac{dN}{dt} = – \lambda N\]

Matrix Academy Suggested Essential Tips to Master NEET Physics Formulas

To become a master in NEET Physics formulas, you not only require simple memorisation, but you should also practice these formulas with their conceptual and deep-level understanding. You can take advantage of the following tips to master the NEET Physics formulas suggested by Arihant Sir (NEET Physics faculty, Matrix Academy)-

1. Understanding the Derivation
Your primary focus should be on understanding the derivation and physical meaning behind each formula, instead of just memorising them. At Matrix Academy, our focus is on teaching formulas with the derivation process to ensure students truly grasp their concepts.
2. Using Conceptual Application
The practice approach for the formula learning should be based on linking Physics formulas with real-life situations for a clear understanding of their application. Arihant Sir recommends that, when learning about mechanics, you can visualise real-world motions (like a car accelerating or a falling object). This approach makes formulas easier and relatable to recall in the final exam.
3. Practice with Different Problems and Matrix Academy Study Materials
Your NEET Physics formula practice should focus on solving a wide range of practical problems to improve your overall ability in applying formulas in various contexts. For example, you can practice with the Matrix Academy’s NEET Physics Book, which combines 300+ PYQs & 1800+ MCQs for NEET UG 2026 exam preparation. The book is integrated with NCERT-based modules and a wide range of practice questions by presenting Physics formulas within a conceptual framework
4. Creating a Formula Sheet to Practice NEET Physics Formulas
The NEET Physics formula preparation should be based on regular practice with a concise formula sheet by including important formulas along with notes on when and how to apply them. You should review this sheet daily to strengthen your memory. The formula practice sheets at Matrix are designed by Arihant Sir, including two major factors: unique problem templates and timed practice sessions that offer conceptual clarity for the advanced topics.
5. Focus on Key Areas
In NEET Physics, some formulas are repeatedly presented in the final NEET exams. According to the Matrix NEET Physics faculty, Mechanics, Electrostatics, Thermodynamics, and Optics are the most important topics in NEET Physics formula practice to focus on. Matrix Academy faculty can guide you on which topics carry more weight, helping you prioritise your study efforts.

To learn how to score 180/180 in NEET 2026 Physics, focus on these key tips, and you can also utilise the resources of Matrix Academy faculty for specific guidance.

Role of Important Physics Formulas in NEET

Physics formulas play an important role in scoring well in the final NEET exam because approximately 60-70% of Physics questions are numerical or application-based. If you learn the formulas effectively, then you can solve numerical problems quickly by creating a strong conceptual foundation in Physics.

At Matrix Academy, NEET faculty clearly understand the value of mastering NEET Physics formulas with structured learning, regular practice, and expert guidance. The implementation of the right approach may help students tackle problems with confidence and clarity, making them an invaluable resource for NEET preparation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a strong and in-depth knowledge of NEET Physics formulas ensures success in the final NEET UG 2026 exam. To strengthen the NEET Physics formulas, you should understand the applications and derivations behind formulas to solve complex/difficult questions with confidence.

Matric Academy is currently identified as the best NEET coaching institute that not only memorises NEET Physics formulas but also creates their deeper significance and practical applications. You should also practice these formulas by practising with Matrix-designed formula practice sheets to perform well in NEET Physics. Finally, prepare with regular practice, and with the right approach, success is within your reach.

FAQs on Important Physics Formulas in NEET